Huaneng Design Institute
Design consulting EPC general contracting project supervision and other whole process professional service institutions
Mechanism design is the key to the new round of power system reform
The new round of electric power system reform puts forward the reform direction and implementation path of "three liberalization, one independence and three strengthening", replaces institutional adjustment with mechanism design, replaces "surgery" with "warm supplement and conditioning", breaks the key factors restricting the market-oriented trading of electric power, strives to build a "fair, open, orderly and competitive" electric power market system, deepen the optimal allocation of electric power resources, and improve the utilization efficiency of stock assets, broaden the channels for the construction of incremental assets, promote the consumption of new and renewable energy, guide scientific and reasonable power planning, ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system, and finally realize the major transformation of the government's regulation of the market and the market's guidance of enterprises.
On the whole, the new round of power system reform has the following six highlights.
One of the highlights is to obtain the dividend of institutional reform through mechanism innovation. For many years, China has implemented the control mechanism of "annual planned benchmark electricity price" on the power generation side and "orderly electricity catalog electricity price" on the user side, and has never established a market-based electricity trading mechanism and price formation mechanism. The new round of power system reform grasps two key elements that restrict the marketization of power trading, namely: volume and price. Through the "orderly liberalization of competitive link electricity prices other than transmission and distribution" and the "orderly liberalization of public welfare and regulation of electricity generation and consumption plans", a complete electricity market trading system has been gradually established. Introduce competition in the power generation and sales links, promote the cost reduction of the power generation side in a market-oriented way, encourage the power consumption side to improve energy efficiency, and continuously improve the effective allocation of resources in the market.
The second bright spot is to stimulate market transactions with independent transmission and distribution prices. The new round of power system reform puts forward the performance-based transmission and distribution price mechanism, changes the profit model of power grid enterprises to purchase price difference as income, and repositions the non-profit attribute of power grid enterprises. Its positive factors mainly include three aspects: first, by framing and approving the permitted cost of transmission and distribution services, it is conducive to further clarifying and disclosing the asset information of the power grid, making the transmission and distribution services of the power grid more transparent and easy to supervise, and can implement standardized peer-to-peer benchmarking; Second, the performance-based incentive mechanism will "force" power grid enterprises to pay attention to and improve the utilization efficiency of stock assets and avoid inefficient investment in fixed assets; third, since it is no longer possible to profit from the "price difference" model of lowering the cost of purchasing electricity and raising the price of electricity sold, it will objectively put the power grid enterprises in a detached neutral position in the market, which is conducive to ensuring the openness and non-discriminatory opening of the power grid. These positive factors will undoubtedly help reduce the transmission and distribution costs of the power grid, release the enthusiasm of market transactions, and stimulate market transactions.
The third highlight is to ensure market fairness by taking the construction of trading centers as a starting point. An independent, open and standardized power trading center is the platform for market members to carry out power trading and the cornerstone of ensuring fairness in the power market. Considering the physical characteristics of light speed transmission, instantaneous balance, network blocking, security constraints and other physical characteristics of power commodities, it is necessary to establish a centralized trading platform to gather the trading wishes of all parties in the market and form a trading plan with the goal of maximizing social welfare. Obviously, as the organizer of power trading, the trading center should have a non-profit public welfare attribute, be independent of all parties in the market, and adopt an open and transparent mode of operation. Only in this way can we gain the broad trust of market members and ensure efficient and orderly competition in the market. At the beginning of the reform, taking into account the business foundation and human, financial and other conditions that power grid enterprises already have, the adoption of a relatively independent establishment method conforms to the basic principle of "smooth start.
The fourth bright spot is to cultivate the electricity sales market with the access of the main body of electricity sales. Cultivate market entities through multiple channels, allowing five types of electricity sales entities to enter the electricity sales market and engage in electricity sales business. Its significance mainly lies in four aspects: one is to make the electricity sales side have the possibility of "turning parts into whole". By setting up professional market entities as the power purchase representatives of the majority of users, they have the ability to bargain with the power generation oligarchs to form a "buy more, sell more, and be evenly matched" market structure; the other is to make the electricity market a mobile and open market, the members of the "market club" no longer have only the "old faces" of a few power generation companies, but are open to various industries and private capital in the society. Its entry barriers are low and social attention is high, which will "force" the market. Form standardized and transparent operating rules and an open and complete information disclosure mechanism; the third is to gradually separate the original power sales business of the power grid or establish a separate power sales company to accept strict market supervision, retaining only the public welfare "guarantee" obligation is conducive to becoming a third-party "logistics provider" that has no direct interest in market transactions; the fourth is to vigorously promote microgrids including rooftop photovoltaics, small hydropower, biomass energy and other power generation resources, The rapid development of distributed power supplies provides support for its grid-connected power generation business model.
The fifth bright spot is to promote the diversification of investment in transmission and distribution business by marketization of property rights. The new round of power system reform focuses on opening up incremental power distribution business, encouraging social capital to invest in the power transmission and distribution industry, setting a benchmark for cost and benefit with incremental reform, promoting power transmission and distribution investment and improving operational efficiency with the marketization of property rights, and changing the previous single equity structure with mixed ownership, which is in line with the central government's direction of deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises, and can give full play to the subjective initiative of private capital in the profit-seeking process, improve the investment and operational efficiency of the power distribution link, while stimulating the efficiency of the stock of assets.
The sixth bright spot is to establish a new mechanism for the development of distributed power supply. The new round of power system reform has liberalized the construction of distributed power sources, including self-owned power plants, new energy power generation, and "cold, heat and power" cogeneration power generation, trying to establish a new operating model of "spontaneous self-use, surplus Internet access, and grid regulation". Highlight the fair and non-discriminatory access attributes of the power grid. This policy is conducive to realizing a new pattern of competition between centralized power supply and distributed power supply, restraining the market power of large power generation enterprises, providing mechanism guarantee for the grid connection and consumption of new energy, and promoting the rapid development of distributed power supply. To form an effective check and balance of the market on the price of transmission and distribution, excessive transmission and distribution prices will encourage the development of distributed power supply, so as to use the power of the market to check and balance the cost of monopoly link.
The prelude to a new round of power system reform has begun. The author firmly believes that through the continuous efforts of the government and power industry practitioners, my country's power industry will create a new situation, and my country's power market will release resource optimization and clean energy. The major reform dividend of energy consumption will ultimately promote the realization of energy supply revolution and consumption revolution.
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