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Interpretation of the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening and Standardizing the Supervision and Administration of Coal-fired Self-provided Power Plants
implement the reform of electric power system
Promoting the healthy and orderly development of coal-fired self-contained power plants
-- Interpretation of the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening and Standardizing the Supervision and Administration of Coal-fired Self-provided Power Plants
Tang Fei and Hu Wenping of General Electric Power Planning and Design Institute
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening and Regulating the Supervision and Management of Coal-fired Self-provided Power Plants." This document is one of the supporting documents for the implementation of the power system reform. The "Opinions" put forward a number of guiding opinions on the standardized development of coal-fired self-provided power plants from the aspects of planning and construction, operation management, responsibilities and obligations, energy conservation and emission reduction, market transactions, supervision and management, etc., and promote the healthy and orderly development of coal-fired self-provided power plants. Has a positive guiding role.
Self-provided power plants have played a positive role, but there are also many problems.
According to preliminary statistics, the installed capacity of self-provided power plants nationwide exceeded 0.11 billion kilowatts in 2014, accounting for about 8% of the country's total installed power generation capacity that year. Self-provided power plants are mainly concentrated in high-energy industries such as steel, electrolytic aluminum, petrochemical, and cement, and are mainly distributed in resource-rich areas and some economically developed areas. The main types of units are coal-fired units, and coal-fired self-provided units account for more than 70%.
Self-provided power plants have played a positive role in many aspects: first, they have reduced the production costs of enterprises, improved the competitiveness of enterprises, and promoted the transformation of resource advantages and the development of characteristic industries in resource-rich areas; second, they have improved the efficiency of comprehensive utilization of resources, and some Self-provided power plants use coal gangue, waste heat, residual pressure and other resources to generate electricity, effectively saving resources; third, it undertakes the responsibility of heating and heating in local areas, some enterprise-owned power plants not only meet the production needs of enterprises, but also use surplus heat energy to heat residents in surrounding areas and other enterprises, which promotes local economic and social development to a certain extent.
However, there are also many problems in the construction and operation of self-provided power plants, such as: there are many policies in the examination and approval process, and the phenomenon of non-conformity between construction and approval is more serious; energy consumption indicators and emission levels are generally high, and there is a significant gap with public units; the level of operation and management is low, and the reliability of operation is poor; the enthusiasm to participate in power grid peak shaving is not high, and the social responsibility is not enough.
Strengthen the overall planning, so that the planning and construction of self-owned power plants are standardized and coordinated.
The "opinion" proposes that new coal-fired self-provided power plant projects should be incorporated into the thermal power construction plan as a whole, approved by the local government in accordance with the "catalogue of Investment projects approved by the Government," and it is forbidden to approve outside the scale of total control. and fairly participate in the selection on the same conditions as public thermal power projects. At the same time, strict implementation of project approval procedures, strict implementation of national industrial policies and environmental standards. If conditions permit, the grid shall be connected to the grid, and relevant work such as grid safety shall be done well.
For a long time, a large number of coal-fired self-provided power plants have been bundled with industrial projects in the form of power workshops supporting industrial projects for approval. The approval departments involve many government departments such as the energy department, the economic and information department, and the industrial department. Some self-provided power plants still exist. The situation of construction before approval and inconsistent approval. Problems such as multiple government approvals and illegal construction have caused the management of coal-fired self-owned power plants to be out of touch with the national power construction plan, and also increased the difficulty of supervision, resulting in violations of national industrial policies, energy efficiency and environmental protection standards. Occurrence. The "Opinions" further clarified that coal-fired self-provided power plants must be included in the thermal power construction plan, clarified the approval subject and approval procedures, and emphasized the compliance of industrial policies. By strengthening planning guidance and scientifically standardizing the construction of coal-fired self-provided power plants, it is conducive to strengthening The national power plan promotes the orderly development of coal-fired self-provided power plants.
Strengthen the operation management, let the self-owned power plant bear the social responsibility
The "Opinions" proposed that coal-fired self-owned power plants should obey power dispatch and actively participate in grid peaking and other grid auxiliary services. To assume due social responsibility, spontaneous self-consumption of electricity should be paid to the national major water conservancy project construction fund, renewable energy development fund and other government funds and policy cross subsidies. Enterprises with grid-connected self-contained power plants shall pay a reasonable fee for spare capacity.
In my country's current electricity price mechanism, the electricity sales price includes government funds such as the national major water conservancy project construction fund, rural power grid loan repayment funds, renewable energy development funds, large and medium-sized reservoir resettlement support funds, and urban public utility surcharges. Objectively, there are policy cross-subsidies such as industrial and commercial subsidies to residents, urban subsidies to rural areas, high-voltage subsidies to low-voltage subsidies, etc. Enterprises build self-owned power plants, and the required electricity is used spontaneously. This part of the electricity fails to bear social responsibilities such as government funds and policy cross-subsidies. In terms of power grid peak regulation, as an important part of the power system, there are a large number of cases of non-performance of peak regulation obligations, which is actually a transfer of peak regulation responsibility to public power plants. The "Opinions" further clarified the social responsibilities of government funds, policy cross-subsidies, and power grid peak shaving that self-provided power plants should bear, which will help further create a level playing field and protect the reasonable interests of all parties.
Promote upgrading and transformation to make self-owned power plants cleaner and more efficient
The "Opinions" proposed to promote the energy-saving and environmental protection transformation of coal-fired self-provided power plants, and proposed standards for energy-saving transformation. For those that do not meet the emission standards, environmental protection facilities should be upgraded within a time limit to ensure that air pollutant emission standards and total control requirements are met. For backward units, to speed up the elimination.
Due to the low level of professional operation and management and the difficulty of supervision, coal-fired self-provided power plants generally have problems such as high energy consumption, substandard environmental emissions, and imperfect environmental protection facilities. Taking the survey results of an eastern province as an example, the coal consumption for power generation and power supply of coal-fired self-provided power plants are 44g/kWh and 90g/kWh higher than those of the unified coal-fired units in the province, respectively, and the emission concentrations of smoke, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are 1-2 times higher than those of the unified coal-fired units. The number of power plants with dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification facilities in grid-connected self-connected power plants accounted for 61%, 55% and 51% respectively, at the same time, the number of power plants with dust removal, desulfurization and denitration facilities accounts for only 45%, while the number of power plants with dust removal, desulfurization and denitration devices installed in coal-fired units accounts for 99%, 92% (nearly 100 after counting circulating fluidized bed boilers) and 83% respectively. It can be seen that the energy efficiency and environmental protection level of self-provided power plants and the construction of environmental protection facilities are far behind the unified power plants. For the energy conservation and emission reduction of coal-fired self-provided power plants, the action plan for the upgrading and transformation of coal-fired energy conservation and emission reduction has put forward specific requirements, and this "opinion" once again emphasizes the upgrading and transformation of coal-fired self-provided power plants and the elimination of backwardness. it reflects the firm determination of the energy authorities to improve the energy efficiency and environmental protection level of coal-fired self-provided power plants.
Identify market players and allow self-owned power plants to participate fairly in market transactions
The "Opinions" further clarified the basic conditions for coal-fired self-provided power plants to become qualified market entities, and in accordance with the relevant spirit of the power system reform, further clarified the rights of coal-fired self-provided power plants that meet the access standards of market entities to participate in power market transactions.
In accordance with the requirements of the "Opinions", market entities participating in electricity market transactions should meet the basic access conditions that comply with national industrial policies, energy consumption levels, and environmental emissions meet national standards. For self-provided power plants, in addition to meeting the above-mentioned access conditions, the Opinions also further clarify the access conditions for self-provided power plants to undertake government funds, policy cross-subsidies, and participate in power grid peak shaving and other social responsibilities based on the actual situation of self-provided power plants. For self-owned power plants that meet the access conditions of qualified market entities, the Opinions further clarify their rights to participate equally in electricity market transactions.
Strengthen supervision and management, let the measures to standardize the development of self-owned power plants be implemented.
The "Opinions" put forward a number of guiding opinions on the standardized development of coal-fired self-provided power plants in terms of planning and construction, operation management, responsibilities and obligations, energy conservation and emission reduction, and market transactions. In this regard, the "opinion" also makes it clear that enterprises with self-provided power plants should bear the main responsibility of strengthening and standardizing the management of self-provided power plants, and put forward specific regulatory measures to strive to form a good situation of joint management of all departments. so that the measures to standardize the development of coal-fired self-provided power plants have been implemented to ensure the standardized and orderly development of self-provided power plants.
Dredging and standardization at the same time, so that the healthy and orderly development of self-owned power plants.
The management and standardized development of self-provided power plants has long been a difficult problem in front of the competent authorities. The introduction of the "Opinions" shows the determination of the competent authorities to try to solve the problem. The problem of self-owned power plants is essentially a problem driven by the benefits of low electricity prices. At present, the low electricity price of self-provided power plants is largely based on non-compliance factors such as failure to fulfill social responsibilities and low environmental protection investment. It is not entirely a low electricity price formed under the market mechanism. To promote the standardized development of self-provided power plants, it is still necessary to adopt measures of "combination of dredging and blocking": on the one hand, strengthen the overall planning and access standards of self-provided power plants, strengthen operation management and energy efficiency and environmental protection supervision, and use national industrial policies and energy efficiency and environmental protection standards to force self-provided power plants to form a benign development mechanism; on the other hand, vigorously promote power market reform and promote power generation companies to participate in direct transactions with users, on the basis of implementing the social responsibilities such as government funds, policy cross subsidies and pollutant emission control that self-provided power plants should bear, we should give full play to the power generation cost advantages of clean and efficient units, form a market transaction price that is competitive with the electricity price of self-provided power plants, and reduce the interest drive of enterprises to build self-provided power plants. It is believed that with the gradual deepening of the reform of the electricity market, as well as the effective implementation of the "opinions" and the continuous strengthening of supervision, self-provided power plants are expected to form a standardized and orderly healthy development pattern.
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