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Interpretation of the Guiding Opinions on the Development of Coal and Electricity Joint Venture
Optimize and adjust the energy structure and promote the coordinated development of coal and power industries.
-- Interpretation of the Guiding Opinions on the Development of Coal and Electricity Joint Venture
Jiang Shihong and Bo Yu of General Electric Power Planning and Design Institute
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Development of Coal-Electricity Joint Venture" (Development and Reform Energy [2016] No. 857) (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"). The "Opinions" put forward a number of guiding opinions from the aspects of the importance of developing coal-power joint ventures, development principles and key directions, implementation requirements, policy support, organization and implementation, etc., which are conducive to promoting the coordinated and orderly development of the coal and power industries.
Development Status and Existing Problems of Coal and Electricity Joint Venture
China's coal-power joint venture has gone through the embryonic, initial and rapid development stage, and now has a certain scale. As of the end of 2014, the total installed capacity of coal-fired power plants held and held by coal companies across the country reached 0.14 billion kilowatts, accounting for 17% of the total installed capacity of coal-fired power plants in the country. The total production capacity of coal mines held by major power generation groups reached 0.32 billion tons per year, accounting for the country's electricity and coal consumption. About 13% of the total.
After years of practice, relying on their own advantages, some large coal and electric power enterprises have gradually formed their own unique development mode of coal power joint venture, which has played a positive role in enhancing the ability of energy security, resolving the dispute between coal and electricity, reducing the production cost of both coal and electricity, promoting the optimal allocation of resources, resisting market risks, and developing circular economy in mining areas.
However, as my country's economic and social development has entered a new stage, profound changes have taken place in the internal and external environment of the coal and electricity industries, and the deep-seated contradictions restricting the development of coal and electricity have further emerged. Compared with the scale of the domestic coal and electricity industry, the scale of coal-electricity joint venture is still small, the degree of industry integration is low, the efficiency of resource allocation needs to be improved, the coal market fluctuates violently, the contradiction between coal and electricity is still prominent, there are hidden dangers in the safe supply of energy, and the relevant support policies need to be further improved.
Basic principles to be followed in the development of coal and electricity pool
The "Opinions" first clarified that the development of coal-fired power joint ventures should follow the basic principles of "market-oriented, voluntary enterprises, overall planning, reasonable flow, adjustment of stocks, strict control of increments, mutual benefit, risk sharing, joint venture cooperation, and professional operation.
In recent years, affected by the slowdown of economic growth and the adjustment of energy structure, the demand for coal has dropped sharply, and the supply capacity has continued to be surplus. At the same time, the growth rate of electricity consumption in China has slowed down, and the overall supply and demand of electricity in China has been relaxed. In this situation, the "Opinions" clarified the positioning of the government and enterprises, and emphasized that the promotion of coal-fired power joint ventures should give full play to the market mechanism and the guiding role of government planning. On the basis of respecting market rules, coal and electricity are encouraged to form a joint venture model voluntarily through consultation. At the same time, in order to avoid market failure and disorderly competition, coal-power joint venture projects should also conform to the overall planning of the national energy development strategy and obey the coal and power development plan. On the premise of combining the development layout of key coal-using industries such as electric power and adjusting and configuring the existing coal production capacity, through joint venture cooperation, the respective advantages of the coal and electricity industries will be brought into full play to reduce the overall cost of coal-power joint venture, extend the industrial chain, improve the risk hedging capacity, and realize the quality and efficiency of coal-power joint venture.
The key direction and reasonable mode of developing coal and electricity joint venture
Affected by factors such as the type of power project, the layout of coal mines and power stations, the coal and power markets, and the allocation of corporate resources, there are many models for the development of coal-power joint ventures with their own advantages and disadvantages. To this end, the Opinions clarify that the development of coal-power joint ventures should take into account the interests of both coal and electricity, effectively integrate professional advantages, and choose the most suitable model for different key directions:
First, the large coal power base pit power station priority to take coal-electricity integration model. Large-scale pit mouth power station, especially large-scale coal power base transmission channel supporting power supply project, coal demand is large, close to the coal mine, power target market and transmission scale is relatively stable, more suitable for the use of coal-electricity integration operation mode to reduce project investment, reduce operating costs, improve the market competitiveness of coal-electricity integration projects.
Second, the comprehensive utilization of low calorific value coal and other resources is suitable for the integrated mode of coal and electricity. Comprehensive utilization of resources The power plant uses low calorific value washing coal, coal slime and coal gangue as fuel, which belongs to the national encouraged industry. The low calorific value coal power generation project adopts the "coal power integration" mode in which coal mines, coal washing plants and power plants are controlled by the same investment subject, which is an important breakthrough for coal enterprises to expand the power sector and an important way for power enterprises to ensure low-cost fuel supply. It can not only reduce the long-distance transportation of low-calorific value coal, improve the quality of outward coal, avoid waste of transportation capacity, but also take advantage of low fuel cost, unify the transportation of low-calorific value fuel resources, and reduce the cost of electricity production.
Third, do not have the conditions for integration, encourage the adoption of a large proportion of cross-shareholding model. For the formation of a certain scale, the strength of a relatively strong large-scale enterprises, can take a specialized company model. For most projects, the mode of mutual equity participation of coal and power enterprises is the best mode of cooperation, which can effectively play their respective advantages according to their own characteristics. For the central and eastern regions and other areas where the contradiction between coal and electricity is prominent, cross-regional joint ventures can be made according to local conditions, and a large proportion of cross-shareholding can be used to ensure long-term and stable fuel supply and coal sales market.
Make full use of stock resources to resolve excess capacity
Since 2012, the growth rate of coal demand has continued to slow down. In 2014, coal demand decreased by 2.9. However, fixed asset investment in coal mining and dressing industry has increased significantly in the past 10 years. Compared with coal consumption demand, the problem of coal overcapacity is prominent. In February this year, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Resolving Excess Capacity in the Coal Industry to Achieve Development out of Disadvantages" (Guo Fa [2016] No. 7), which proposed strict control of new coal production capacity, promotion of industry adjustment and transformation, encouragement of the development of coal-power integration, and guidance of large-scale thermal power companies and coal companies, to achieve the coal industry to turn around and upgrade and healthy development.
In order to better implement the spirit of Guo Fa [2016] No. 7 document on further resolving the excess capacity of the coal industry and promoting the development of coal enterprises to extricate themselves from difficulties, the Opinions, on the basis of giving priority to the consumption of stock projects and strictly controlling new projects, further clarify the key development direction of scientific promotion of stock coal and electricity joint ventures, encourage qualified coal and electricity enterprises to break through industry barriers, develop mixed ownership and realize diversification of property rights, through capital injection, equity replacement, merger and reorganization, equity transfer and other ways to form the joint venture cooperation of coal mines and power stations in service. At the same time, in order to ensure the effective resolution of excess capacity, the "opinion" also made it clear that new coal mines must meet the requirements of reduction and replacement at the same time.
Increasing policy support for coal-power pods
For a long time, the relevant national industrial policies have actively supported the joint venture of coal and electricity, especially the integrated development of coal and electricity, in many aspects, such as planning, base construction, enterprise merger and reorganization, and so on. However, under the current situation, the development of coal-fired power joint venture is still facing severe challenges. On the one hand, coal companies are highly motivated to run electricity, but they are subject to the decline in efficiency and face the dual pressure of lack of funds and excess power. On the other hand, the enthusiasm of power companies to run coal has declined., The market expectations continue to be sluggish.
To this end, the Opinions put forward the corresponding support policies to encourage the development of coal-electricity joint ventures. In terms of planning, in addition to the necessary production connection coal mine projects and urban cogeneration, power supply projects that need to be built for power grid safety, priority should be given to the planning of coal-electricity joint venture projects that meet the key directions, and priority should be given to the optimization of projects. In terms of approval and construction, simplify the approval procedures, coordinate the progress, and strive to achieve simultaneous planning, simultaneous approval, and simultaneous construction of supporting coal mines and power stations. In terms of operation, the electricity consumption of coal-electricity integration projects will be included in the scope of auxiliary power consumption of supporting power plants, and power generation will be given priority to the Internet under the same emission and energy consumption conditions, and priority will be given to participating in power market-oriented transactions.
Multi-channel, high-standard, and standardized coal-power joint venture development
The management and standardized development of coal power joint venture is the key to the transformation and upgrading of coal and power industry. To develop coal-power joint venture, in addition to increasing policy support, it is also necessary to raise standards in the process of project implementation and work together through various channels. On the one hand, it is necessary to give full play to the professional management advantages of the two industries, improve the professional management level by means of entrusted management and operation, improve the resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits of coal power joint venture projects, further promote the safe and green development of coal, and improve the clean and efficient development level of power plants. On the other hand, it is necessary to mobilize the enthusiasm of national and provincial energy authorities, national energy administration agencies, coal and power industry associations and enterprises themselves in promoting the development of coal and power joint ventures. By building a communication platform, strengthening consulting services, accelerating enterprise transformation, and strengthening supervision and management, we will promote the orderly advancement and standardized operation of coal-power joint ventures, and form a benign development mechanism for the integration of the coal and power industries.
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